The study aimed to determine the prevalence, etiological agents and drug susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens isolated from postoperative surgical site infections and hospital environment in Gondar University Teaching Hospital. Specimens were taken from patients with post operative surgical site infections seen at wards and from hospital environment finally. Specimens were processed for bacteriological analysis and antibiotic susceptibility test according standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for isolated organisms was done using disk diffusion method. Of 111 pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli 27 (24.3%), Staphylococcus aureus 26 (23.4%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 22 (19.8%) and Enterobacter spp. 11 (9.9%) were dominant isolates. The prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus was 9 (34.6%). Seventeen (77.3%) and 1 (4.5%) of coagulase negative Staphylococcus were methicillin and vancomycin resistant, respectively. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 41 (41.8%), S. aureus 19 (19.4%) and P. aeruginosa 16 (16.3%) were the major isolates from 75 sites of the hospital environment with an isolation rate of 41 (54.7%). The prevalence of methicillin resistant S.aureus from the environment was 2 (2.0%). High level of multi-drug resistance was observed in bacteria isolates from patients compared to the bacteria isolated from the hospital environments. This study demonstrated high level of multi-drug resistance. Thus, antibiotic sensitivity testing should be carried out for all bacterial isolates of surgical wounds before chemotherapy administered to detect drug resistant strains.

Rapid diagnosis of malaria is important for the administration of effective treatment, to reduce the morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of quantitative buffy coat (QBC) and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) with conventional peripheral blood smears. Blood samples from 100 patients were obtained with symptoms suggestive of malaria. A total of 74(74%) cases were positive by blood smears, while 80(80%) and 71(71%), were positive by QBC and RDT(Falcivax). Blood smears indicated that 74% (55 0f 74) of the patients were positive for P.vivax and 25% (19 of 74) were infected with P.falciparum. QBC showed that 75 % (60 0f 80) were positive for P.vivax and 25% (20 of 80) were infected with P.falciparum. Falcivax identified 74 % (53 of 71) were positive for P.vivax and 25 % (18 of 71) of P.falciparum. QBC had a sensitivity and specificity of 74.3% and 80.7% for P.vivax and 100% and 98.7% for P.falciparum. Falcivax had a specificity of100% and sensitivity of 96.3% and 94.7%.

Four main malaria plasmodia involve human beings. Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale had an older evolution paralelling the human species evolution (co-evolution) while Plasmodium falciparum has been encountered by humans later during their evolution, since it was acquired by monkeys probably between the end of Mesolithic and the beginning of Neolithic eras

Streptococcus suis (S. suis), a group of heterogeneous species with thirty-five serotypes, is considered a previously- neglected but recently-emerging human pathogen. Lack of full understanding of molecular mechanism by which this group of pathogenic bacteria infects both swine and humans greatly hampered the availability of specific/effective therapeutics against severe S. suis infections. The release of the first genomic sequence of S. suis announced the arrival of its “Omics-Era”. This review concentrates on recent highlights of S. suis studies in aspects of Omics. Also, we discussed remaining research gaps and future perspectives.

The present study deals with the influence of growth temperature on biosurfactant production and the adhesion process in the psychrotrophic species Pseudomonas fluorescens. We studied a strain panel composed of nine wild cyclolipopeptide (CLPs) producers and by two biosurfactant mutants. Where cyclolipopeptide production was characterized at either 8°C or 17°C, cyclolipopeptide production was highlighted by hemolytic and tensiometric methods. Their ionic charge was evaluated by a double diffusion test and their identification was made as amphisin- or viscosin- or viscosinamide-like biosurfactants by Reverse Phase- High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy. This categorization was corroborated by the 16S rRNA phylogenetic study. In Pseudomonas fluorescens, the number and relative quantity of cyclolipopeptide produced and bacterial adhesion differed with the growth temperature. Seven new cyclolipopeptides were characterized, of which three belong to the viscosinamide family. Biosurfactant secretion is intensive at 17°C and the highest adhesion is obtained at a lower temperature (8°C). Cyclolipopeptides appeared to antagonize the adhesion process. Strain hydrophobicity was wholly independent of growth temperature and could not be correlated with the initial attachment of bacteria, which was thermoregulated. Our study demonstrates that bacterial adhesion is controlled by the growth temperature but not by cyclolipopeptides or cell hydrophobicity.

ervoir of adult worm. Hydatid cyst is commonly found in liver and lungs.Slaughters, tanners, shepherds, butchers and veterinarians and those coming in close contact with the animals are at a high risk of contracting this disease. Herein, we present case of a 16-year-old young male who had large hydatid cyst in the lung, double the size of his heart and this giant cyst occupied almost entire hemithorax.It obliterated the right heart border and the costophrenic angle mimicking a large pleural effusion.The lateral view and CT Thorax revealed the giant Hydatid cyst. The patient underwent surgical intervention, received albendazole and discharged uneventfully.

The study aimed to determine the prevalence, etiological agents and drug susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens isolated from postoperative surgical site infections and hospital environment in Gondar University Teaching Hospital. Specimens were taken from patients with post operative surgical site infections seen at wards and from hospital environment finally. Specimens were processed for bacteriological analysis and antibiotic susceptibility test according standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for isolated organisms was done using disk diffusion method. Of 111 pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli 27 (24.3%), Staphylococcus aureus 26 (23.4%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 22 (19.8%) and Enterobacter spp. 11 (9.9%) were dominant isolates. The prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus was 9 (34.6%). Seventeen (77.3%) and 1 (4.5%) of coagulase negative Staphylococcus were methicillin and vancomycin resistant, respectively. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 41 (41.8%), S. aureus 19 (19.4%) and P. aeruginosa 16 (16.3%) were the major isolates from 75 sites of the hospital environment with an isolation rate of 41 (54.7%). The prevalence of methicillin resistant S.aureus from the environment was 2 (2.0%). High level of multi-drug resistance was observed in bacteria isolates from patients compared to the bacteria isolated from the hospital environments. This study demonstrated high level of multi-drug resistance. Thus, antibiotic sensitivity testing should be carried out for all bacterial isolates of surgical wounds before chemotherapy administered to detect drug resistant strains.